South Korea Crypto Policy Major Update: Corporations Allowed to Open Crypto Real-Name Accounts
By: blockbeats|2025/02/13 08:45:02
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原文来源：Newsis
原文编译：KarenZ，Foresight News
2 月 13 日，韩国召开第三次虚拟资产委员会会议，计划分阶段允许法人开设虚拟资产实名账户，逐步开放虚拟货币市场的机构参与权。这一政策标志着韩国正式向法人投资者敞开虚拟资产市场的大门，既反映了韩国虚拟货币市场环境的变化，也预示着加密货币的主流化趋势。但与此同时，诸如检察机关、国税厅等执法机构已被允许开设实名账户，可能转移和出售以虚拟货币没收的犯罪收益、征收的欠税财产，可能会引发市场担忧。
那韩国金融委员会今日召开的第三次虚拟资产委员会会议究竟有何指示？以下内容编译自 Newsis。
韩国金融委员会副主席金昭荣（音译）召开第三次虚拟资产委员会会议，决定分三个阶段推进法人开设虚拟资产实名账户的计划，首先允许执法机构、非营利法人、虚拟资产交易所等因「现金化目的」需要开设账户的机构参与，未来将逐步扩大到专业投资法人（投资与财务目的）及普通法人等。
因此，韩国金融委员会拟定了一份在不损害用户保护和市场稳定的范围内，逐步允许法人参与虚拟货币市场的路线图。
第一阶段：执法机构、非营利法人及交易所
执法机构账户开设（已完成）
检察机关、国税厅、关税厅、地方政府等因犯罪收益没收、强制征收欠税财产等需要进行虚拟资产的转移与出售，这些机构从去年 11 月起已被允许开设账户。
非营利法人账户开设（计划于 2025 年第二季度完成）
由于指定捐赠团体等非营利法人需要接收和变现虚拟资产捐赠，今年第二季度将允许其开设法人账户。然而，因其在接收和变现虚拟资产过程中缺乏具体标准与程序，需预先制定内部控制标准。
虚拟资产交易所账户开设（计划于 2025 年第二季度完成）
交易所因手续费等获得的虚拟资产（自身资产）需要通过出售用于员工薪资、税金等运营费用，因此急需进行出售交易。
鉴于这种出售交易可能带有自营性质，可能对用户造成价格下跌等损害，韩国政府计划制定公共指导方针，限制出售虚拟资产的种类与数量。
第二阶段：专业投资法人（计划于 2025 年下半年启动）
今年下半年将推进的第二阶段政策计划允许专业投资法人进行虚拟资产投资。根据资本市场法，专业投资法人中不包括金融公司，而是针对上市公司和注册为专业投资者的法人（约 3500 家）。这是为了试点法人在投资和财务目的上的交易，主要从具备风险承受能力的机构投资者的买卖交易开始逐步放开。
由于大规模虚拟资产交易可能带来潜在的反洗钱风险，政府将在制定相关指导方针和监控措施后再予以实施。此外，由于各法人投资能力不同，账户的开设将经过银行与交易所的详细审核。
第三阶段：普通法人参与（中长期计划）
普通法人的全面参与将作为中长期计划研究，因涉及到虚拟资产相关的二次立法及外汇税制等制度性调整。第二阶段立法需包括对虚拟资产交易所的营业行为监管及稳定币的规制体系。同时，需完善《外汇交易法》以监控跨境虚拟资产交易。
未来计划与展望
金融委员会计划联合政府与民间机构，为法人参与虚拟资产投资制定指导方针。金融委员会副主席金昭荣表示：「关于第二阶段的虚拟资产相关法律，包括稳定币、交易商及交易监管等课题，我们将加速在虚拟资产委员会内的讨论。」他还补充道：「关于代币证券（Token Securities），已提交相关法律修正案，我们将积极支持国会迅速通过法案。」
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